Field
How neurons signal and how the brain represents the world — the biophysics and architecture of the nervous system.
Economics & Decision
Kahneman and Tversky showed that people systematically violate the 'rational' model of decision-making. Their prospect theory describes how we actually weigh gains, losses, and probabilities — laying the foundation for behavioural economics.
Hubel and Wiesel mapped how the visual cortex processes images. Recording from single neurons in the cat brain, they found cells tuned to edges at specific orientations, organised into an elegant columnar architecture.
Hodgkin and Huxley built the first quantitative, predictive model of the nerve impulse. Measuring ionic currents in the squid giant axon, they derived equations that reproduce the action potential from the dynamics of sodium and potassium channels.